Happy 2014

The Tempest

A post in progress...

Prospero, former duke of Milan, has been living on a desert island in the Mediterranean with his daughter Miranda since the day his brother Antonio usurped and exiled him.

Prospero is a wizard and he uses magic to provoke a tempest and the apparent sinking of Antonio's accomplice ship, king Alonso, on their way back to Naples from Tunis.

Antonio, the king and his son Ferdinand, his court and the mariners are thrown on different points of the island.
Each character is convinced that the others died, while the king's ship is "safely in harbour". 

Free icons for non-commercial use from: http://sweetclipart.com/ and http://www.clker.com/

On Prospero's arrival the island was inhabited by Caliban, the son of the witch Sycorax, and by a  magical being, Ariel. 

Prospero makes the half-human Caliban his slave and Ariel his magical helper.

Trinculo, a jester at king Alonso's court, on first seeing Caliban says: 

What have we here? a man or a fish? dead or alive? A fish: he smells like a fish; a very ancient fish- like smell; a kind of not the newest Poor- John. A strange fish!

 But soon he realizes the "fish" is: 

Legged like a man and his fins like arms! Warm o’ my troth! I do now let loose my opinion; hold it no longer: this is no fish, but an islander, that hath lately suffered by a thunderbolt.

The spirit Ariel is invisible to common people, though they can hear his music.  
He helps Prospero in taking his - bloodless - revenge against his usurpers and getting his dukedom back. 
He is painted as a nymph (below).

William Hamilton, Prospero and Ariel, 1797

Or as a spirit with a somewhat animal face, like in Fuseli's painting (below). "On the bat's back I do fly".

Henry Fuseli, Ariel, 1800-1810

  
In William Hogarth's Scene from The Tempest, Ariel is an angel musician (below, left, on top of the rock), while Caliban (below, right) is a poor being, deformed, sentenced to hard labour.

William Hogarth, The Tempest, 1728.

It is Ariel's hypnotic music that guides the young prince and the other shipreck, in small groups, from different points of the island, towards Prospero's cave. 

While Ferdinando is following the path traced by Ariel's music, he meets Miranda. 

She is astonished at the sight of the young man: the only human being she has ever known is her father and she wonders if Ferdinando is of their same species.

The two young ones fall in love at first sight.

Before giving his consent to their wedding, Prospero tries Ferdinando charging him with hard work, that the young man dutifully carries on. 

Happy Christmas and Happy New Year!

An English Christmas song to wish you a Merry Christmas, Happy New Year, Happy Winter Holidays!

  

Besides the interpretation by the Muppets, the song is just as it sounds, featuring a "true love" presenting his/ her beloved one with an increasing number of weird gifts: a partridge, two turtle doves, three French hens, four calling birds, five golden rings, six geese a-laying, seven swans a-swimming, eight maids a-milking, nine ladies dancing, ten lords a-leaping, eleven pipers piping, twelve drummers drumming (the lyrics is here).

I guess these gifts are not your favourites and the whole text may appear surreal, so let's try to make sense of this 250-years-old song and see its connection with Christmas.

A religious interpretation of the symbolical meaning of the gifts can be read in The Voice, a website collecting biblical and theological resources. The article gives a general account on the "twelve days" of Christmas, from the 25th of December to the 5th of January. The cycle closes with the 6th of January, which in many cultures (in Italy, for example) is the day in which gifts are given, especially to the chidren. Then it analyses the twelve figures: the partridge is an image of Jesus Christ, the two turtle doves stand for the Old and the New Testament, etc.

An article on the tradition of Christmas carols (carol= choral song), questioning the previous interpretation, is on the BBC website, which finds the origin of the song in a game played on the Twelfth Night. In this case, the partridge would be the symbol of the devil! An example of "the way in which a popular song can be reworked as a hymn or carol".

Christmas is a celebration of new life. It falls in the days immediately after the winter solstice - in our hemisphere 21st December, with the shortest day and longest night - daytime becoming longer and longer from that date on. It is interesting to know more about other winter festivities with the same character - celebrating the light and new life, feasting, giving gifts, having fun  - held in the same period in other places and times on this page of the BBC.

Beowullf

The LEGO Beowulf video you are going to watch is a fast and fun summary of the epic poem... and yes, all the stuff is made up of colourful LEGO bricks.

Part one 

6th century - The young hero Beowulf comes from Scandinavia to help the Dane king Hrothgar against the attacks of the monster Grendel. Beowulf kills him. 

"Then from the moorland, by misty crags, with God’s wrath laden, Grendel came" 

"Then laughed his heart; for the monster was minded... to sever the soul of each, life from body, since lusty banquet waited his will!"

"... no keenest blade, no farest of falchions fashioned on earth, could harm or hurt that hideous fiend!" 

"To Beowulf now the glory was given..."  

Part two

"Grendel's mother... the death of her son to avenge" 

comes to the hall. Beowulf kills her.

Part three
Fifty years later, Beowulf is king, "old and gray".
He defeats a dragon, but

"The wound began,

which that dragon-of-earth had erst inflicted,

to swell and smart; and soon he found

in his breast was boiling, baleful and deep,

pain of poison"